Gastroesophageal reflux is associated with esophagitis caused by erosions of the distal esophageal mucosa (Panel A, arrows), distal esophageal stricture as a consequence of chronic erosive esophagitis (Panel B, arrows), Barrett's esophagus with columnar metaplasia of the normal squamous epithelium (Panel C, arrows), and esophageal adenocarcinoma (Panel D, arrow), shown here in a patient with Barrett's esophagus (arrowheads).
NEJM Volume 359 (16): 1700, Figure 1 October 16, 2008
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