There are two broad approaches to preoperative pelvic radiation
therapy for resectable rectal cancer: short-course radiation and longcourse
chemoradiotherapy. Although the radiation techniques are
similar, the fractionation and timing of surgery differ. In general,
short-course radiation delivers 25 Gy (5 Gy in five fractions) of radiation
followed by surgery 1 week later. Long-course chemoradiotherapy
delivers 50.4 Gy (1.8 Gy in 28 fractions) of radiation concurrently
with chemotherapy, followed by surgery 4 to 8 weeks later. Mehr
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